This booklet is for employers, foremen, and supervisors, but we encourage employees to use the information as well to analyze their own jobs and recognize workplace hazards so they can report them to you. It explains what a job hazard analysis is and offers guidelines to help you conduct your own step-by-step analysis.
A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness. See Appendix 2 for a list of common hazards and descriptions. Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them as early as possible will help prevent injuries and illnesses.
A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.
Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day in the United States. Safety and health can add value to your business, your job, and your life. You can help prevent workplace injuries and illnesses by looking at your workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and ensuring that all employees are trained properly.
One of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures is to conduct a job hazard analysis. A job hazard analysis is one component of the larger commitment of a safety and health management system. (See page 15 for more information on safety and health management systems.)
Supervisors can use the findings of a job hazard analysis to eliminate and prevent hazards in their workplaces. This is likely to result in fewer worker injuries and illnesses; safer, more effective work methods; reduced workers' compensation costs; and increased worker productivity. The analysis also can be a valuable tool for training new employees in the steps required to perform their jobs safely.
For a job hazard analysis to be effective, management must demonstrate its commitment to safety and health and follow through to correct any uncontrolled hazards identified. Otherwise, management will lose credibility and employees may hesitate to go to management when dangerous conditions threaten them.
A job hazard analysis can be conducted on many jobs in your workplace. Priority should go to the following types of jobs:
A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following:
To make your job hazard analysis useful, document the answers to these questions in a consistent manner. Describing a hazard in this way helps to ensure that your efforts to eliminate the hazard and implement hazard controls help target the most important contributors to the hazard.
Good hazard scenarios describe:
A sample form found in Appendix 3 helps you organize your information to provide these details.
Rarely is a hazard a simple case of one singular cause resulting in one singular effect. More frequently, many contributing factors tend to line up in a certain way to create the hazard. Here is an example of a hazard scenario:
In the metal shop (environment), while clearing a snag (trigger), a worker's hand (exposure) comes into contact with a rotating pulley. It pulls his hand into the machine and severs his fingers (consequences) quickly.
To perform a job hazard analysis, you would ask:
The examples that follow show how a job hazard analysis can be used to identify the existing or potential hazards for each basic step involved in grinding iron castings.
Grinding Iron Castings: Job Steps
Step 1. Reach into metal box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to wheel.
Step 2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
Step 3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine.
Example Job Hazard Analysis Form
| Job Location: Metal Shop |
Analyst: Joe Safety |
Date: |
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30 castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Picking up a casting, the employee could drop it onto his foot. The casting's weight and height could seriously injure the worker's foot or toes.
Hazard Controls:
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30 castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Castings have sharp burrs and edges that can cause severe lacerations.
Hazard Controls:
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30 castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Reaching, twisting, and lifting 15-pound castings from the floor could result in a muscle strain to the lower back.
Hazard Controls:
Repeat similar forms for each job step.
After reviewing your list of hazards with the employee, consider what control methods will eliminate or reduce them. For more information on hazard control measures, see Appendix 1. The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard. The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate. This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.
Discuss your recommendations with all employees who perform the job and consider their responses carefully. If you plan to introduce new or modified job procedures, be sure they understand what they are required to do and the reasons for the changes.
The job procedures discussed in this booklet are for illustration only and do not necessarily include all the steps, hazards, and protections that apply to your industry. When conducting your own job safety analysis, be sure to consult the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards for your industry. Compliance with these standards is mandatory, and by incorporating their requirements in your job hazard analysis, you can be sure that your health and safety program meets federal standards. OSHA standards, regulations, and technical information are available online at www.osha.gov.
Twenty-four states and two territories operate their own OSHA-approved safety and health programs and may have standards that differ slightly from federal requirements. Employers in those states should check with the appropriate state agency for more information. A list of applicable states and territories and contact information is provided on page 32.
Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries. Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis.
It is particularly important to review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job. Based on the circumstances, you may determine that you need to change the job procedure to prevent similar incidents in the future. If an employee's failure to follow proper job procedures results in a "close call," discuss the situation with all employees who perform the job and remind them of proper procedures. Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted.
If your employees are involved in many different or complex processes, you need professional help conducting your job hazard analyses. Sources of help include your insurance company, the local fire department, and private consultants with safety and health expertise. In addition, OSHA offers assistance through its regional and area offices and consultation services. Contact numbers are listed at the back of this publication.
Even when you receive outside help, it is important that you and your employees remain involved in the process of identifying and correcting hazards because you are on the worksite every day and most likely to encounter these hazards. New circumstances and a recombination of existing circumstances may cause old hazards to reappear and new hazards to appear. In addition, you and your employees must be ready and able to implement whatever hazard elimination or control measures a professional consultant recommends.
OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of programs, including assistance about safety and health programs, state plans, workplace consultations, Voluntary Protection Programs, strategic partnerships, training and education, and more.
Effective management of worker safety and health protection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their related costs. In fact, an effective safety and health program forms the basis of good worker protection and can save time and money about $4 for every dollar spent and increase productivity.
To assist employers and employees in developing effective safety and health systems, OSHA published recommended Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines, (Federal Register 54(18):3908-3916, January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines can be applied to all worksites covered by OSHA.
The guidelines identify four general elements that are critical to the development of a successful safety and health management program:
The guidelines recommend specific actions under each of these general elements to achieve an effective safety and health program. The Federal Register notice is available online at www.osha.gov.
State plans are OSHA-approved job safety and health programs operated by individual states or territories instead of Federal OSHA. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) encourages states to develop and operate their own job safety and health plans and permits state enforcement of OSHA standards if the state has an approved plan. Once OSHA approves a state plan, it funds 50 percent of the program's operating costs. State plans must provide standards and enforcement programs, as well as voluntary compliance activities, that are at least as effective as those of Federal OSHA.
There are 26 state plans: 23 cover both private and public (state and local government) employment, and 3 (Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York) cover only the public sector. For more information on state plans, see the listing at the end of this publication, or visit OSHA's website at www.osha.gov.
In addition to helping employers identify and correct specific hazards, OSHA's consultation service provides free, onsite assistance in developing and implementing effective workplace safety and health management systems that emphasize the prevention of worker injuries and illnesses.
Comprehensive consultation assistance provided by OSHA includes a hazard survey of the worksite and an appraisal of all aspects of the employer's existing safety and health management system. In addition, the service offers assistance to employers in developing and implementing an effective safety and health management system. Employers also may receive training and education services, as well as limited assistance away from the worksite.
Consultation assistance is available to small employers (with fewer than 250 employees at a fixed site and no more than 500 corporatewide) who want help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful workplace.
Funded largely by OSHA, the service is provided at no cost to the employer. Primarily developed for smaller employers with more hazardous operations, the consultation service is delivered by state governments employing professional safety and health consultants. No penalties are proposed or citations issued for hazards identified by the consultant. The employer's only obligation is to correct all identified serious hazards within the agreed-upon correction time frame.
OSHA provides consultation assistance to the employer with the assurance that his or her name and firm and any information about the workplace will not be routinely reported to OSHA enforcement staff.
If an employer fails to eliminate or control a serious hazard within the agreed-upon time frame, the Consultation Project Manager must refer the situation to the OSHA enforcement office for appropriate action. This is a rare occurrence, however, since employers request the service for the expressed purpose of identifying and fixing hazards in their workplaces.
Yes. Under the consultation program, certain exemplary employers may request participation in OSHA's Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP). Eligibility for participation in SHARP includes, but is not limited to, receiving a full-service, comprehensive consultation visit, correcting all identified hazards, and developing an effective safety and health management system.
Employers accepted into SHARP may receive an exemption from programmed inspections (not complaint or accident investigation inspections) for a period of 1 year initially, or 2 years upon renewal.
For more information concerning consultation assistance, see the list of consultation offices beginning on page 36, contact your regional or area OSHA office, or visit OSHA's website at www.osha.gov.
There are three levels of VPP recognition: Star, Merit, and Demonstration. All are designed to do the following:
VPP participation can mean the following:
OSHA reviews an employer's VPP application and conducts a VPP Onsite Evaluation to verify that the safety and health management systems described are operating effectively at the site. OSHA conducts Onsite Evaluations on a regular basis, annually for participants at the Demonstration level, every 18 months for Merit, and every 3 to 5 years for Star. Each February, all participants must send a copy of their most recent Annual Evaluation to their OSHA regional office. This evaluation must include the worksite's record of injuries and illnesses for the past year.
Sites participating in VPP are not scheduled for regular, programmed inspections. OSHA handles any employee complaints, serious accidents, or significant chemical releases that may occur at VPP sites according to routine enforcement procedures.
Additional information on VPP is available from OSHA national, regional, and area offices, listed beginning on page 27. Also, see Outreach at OSHA's website at www.osha.gov.
OSHA has learned firsthand that voluntary, cooperative partnerships with employers, employees, and unions can be a useful alternative to traditional enforcement and an effective way to reduce worker deaths, injuries, and illnesses. This is especially true when a partnership leads to the development and implementation of a comprehensive workplace safety and health management system.
These partnerships encourage, assist, and recognize the efforts of the partners to eliminate serious workplace hazards and achieve a high level of worker safety and health. Whereas OSHA's Consultation Program and VPP entail one-on-one relationships between OSHA and individual worksites, most strategic partnerships seek to have a broader impact by building cooperative relationships with groups of employers and employees.
OSHA is interested in creating new OSPPs at the national, regional, and local levels. OSHA also has found limited partnerships to be valuable. Limited partnerships might address the elimination or control of a specific industry hazard.
Like VPP, OSPP can mean the following:
For more information about this program, contact your nearest OSHA office or go to the agency website at www.osha.gov.
Yes. The OSHA Training Institute in Des Plaines, IL, provides basic and advanced training and education in safety and health for federal and state compliance officers, state consultants, other federal agency personnel, and private-sector employers, employees, and their representatives.
Institute courses cover diverse safety and health topics including electrical hazards, machine guarding, personal protective equipment, ventilation, and ergonomics. The facility includes classrooms, laboratories, a library, and an audiovisual unit. The laboratories contain various demonstrations and equipment, such as power presses, woodworking and welding shops, a complete industrial ventilation unit, and a sound demonstration laboratory. More than 57 courses dealing with subjects such as safety and health in the construction industry and methods of compliance with OSHA standards are available for personnel in the private sector.
In addition, OSHA's 73 area offices are full-service centers offering a variety of informational services such as personnel for speaking engagements, publications, audiovisual aids on workplace hazards, and technical advice.
OSHA awards grants through its Susan Harwood Training Grant Program to nonprofit organizations to provide safety and health training and education to employers and workers in the workplace. The grants focus on programs that will educate workers and employers in small business (fewer than 250 employees), train workers and employers about new OSHA standards or high-risk activities or hazards. Grants are awarded for 1 year and may be renewed for an additional 12 months depending on whether the grantee has performed satisfactorily.
OSHA expects each organization awarded a grant to develop a training and/or education program that addresses a safety and health topic named by OSHA, recruit workers and employers for the training, and conduct the training. Grantees are also expected to follow-up with people who have been trained to find out what changes were made to reduce the hazards in their workplaces as a result of the training.
Each year OSHA has a national competition that is announced in the Federal Register and on the Internet at www.osha.gov/Training/sharwood/sharwood.html. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can contact the OSHA Office of Training and Education, 1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL 60018, (847) 297-4810, for more information.
Yes. OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available on its website at www.osha.gov. These include eTools, Expert Advisors, Electronic Compliance Assistance Tools (e-CATs), Technical Links, regulations, directives, publications, videos, and other information for employers and employees. OSHA's software programs and compliance assistance tools walk you through challenging safety and health issues and common problems to find the best solutions for your workplace. OSHA's comprehensive publications program includes more than 100 titles to help you understand OSHA requirements and programs.
OSHA's CD-ROM includes standards, interpretations, directives, and more and can be purchased on CD-ROM from the U.S. Government Printing Office. To order, write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, or phone (202) 512-1800. Specify OSHA Regulations, Documents and Technical Information on CD-ROM (ORDT), GPO Order No. S/N 729-013-00000-5.
OSHA offers more than 100 documents, including brochures, fact sheets, posters, pocket cards, flyers, technical documents, and a quarterly magazine. These documents are available online at www.osha.gov or by calling (202) 693-1888.
To report an emergency, file a complaint, or seek OSHA advice, assistance, or products, call (800) 321-OSHA or contact your nearest OSHA regional or area office listed beginning on page 27. The teletypewriter (TTY) number is (877) 889-5627.
You can also file a complaint online and obtain more information on OSHA federal and state programs by visiting OSHA's website at www.osha.gov.
For more information on grants, training, and education, write: OSHA Training Institute, Office of Training and Education, 1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL 60018; call (847) 297-4810; or see Outreach on OSHA's website at www.osha.gov.
Region I
(CT,* ME, MA, NH, RI, VT*)
JFK Federal Building, Room E340
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-9860
Region II
(NJ,* NY,* PR,* VI*)
201 Varick Street, Room 670
New York, NY 10014
(212) 337-2378
Region III
(DE, DC, MD,* PA,* VA,* WV)
The Curtis Center
170 S. Independence Mall West
Suite 740 West
Philadelphia, PA 19106-3309
(215) 861-4900
Region IV
(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS, NC,* SC,* TN*)
Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 6T50
Atlanta, GA 30303
(404) 562-2300
Region V
(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)
230 South Dearborn Street
Room 3244
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-2220
Region VI
(AR, LA, NM,* OK, TX)
525 Griffin Street, Room 602
Dallas, TX 75202
(214) 767-4731 or 4736 x224
Region VII
(IA,* KS, MO, NE)
City Center Square
1100 Main Street, Suite 800
Kansas City, MO 64105
(816) 426-5861
Region VIII
(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)
1999 Broadway, Suite 1690
Denver, CO 80202-5716
(303) 844-1600
Region IX
(American Samoa, AZ,* CA,* HI, NV,* Northern Mariana Islands)
71 Stevenson Street, Room 420
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 975-4310
Region X
(AK,* ID, OR,* WA*)
1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715
Seattle, WA 98101-3212
(206) 553-5930
*These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health programs (Connecticut, New Jersey and New York plans cover public employees only). States with approved programs must have a standard that is identical to, or at least as effective as, the federal standard.
| Birmingham, AL (205) 731-1534 Anchorage, AK (907) 271-5152 Phoenix, AZ (602) 640-2348 Sacramento, CA (916) 566-7471 Greenwood Village, CO (303) 843-4500 Hartford, CT (860) 240-3152 Fort Lauderdale, FL (954) 424-0242 Tampa, FL (813) 626-1177 Smyrna, GA (770) 984-8700 Des Moines, IA (515) 284-4794 Boise, ID (208) 321-2960 Des Plaines, IL (847) 803-4800 North Aurora, IL (630) 896-8700 Indianapolis, IN (317) 226-7290 Wichita, KS (316) 269-6644 Frankfort, KY (502) 227-7024 Braintree, MA (617) 565-6924 Springfield, MA (413) 785-0123 Bangor, ME (207) 941-8177 Kansas City, MO (816) 483-9531 Jackson, MS (601) 965-4606 Raleigh, NC (919) 856-4770 Bismark, ND (701) 250-4521 Avenel, NJ (732) 750-3270 Marlton, NJ (856) 757-5181 Carson City, NV (775) 885-6963 Bayside, NY (718) 279-9060 Bowmansville, NY (716) 684-3891 Pittsburgh, PA (412) 395-4903 North Syracuse, NY (315) 451-0808 Wilkes-Barre, PA (570) 826-6538 Tarrytown, NY (914) 524-7510 Guaynabo, PR (787) 277-1560 Westbury, NY (516) 334-3344 Providence, RI (401) 528-4669 Cincinnati, OH (513) 841-4132 Columbia, SC (803) 765-5904 Cleveland, OH (216) 522-3818 Nashville, TN (615) 781-5423 Philadelphia, PA (215) 597-4955 Lubbock, TX (806) 472-7681 (7685) Salt Lake City, UT (801) 530-6901 Norfolk, VA (757) 441-3820 Bellevue, WA (206) 553-7520 Appleton, WI (920) 734-4521 |
Mobile, AL (251) 441-6131 Little Rock, AR (501) 324-6291(5818) San Diego, CA (619) 557-5909 Denver, CO (303) 844-5285 Bridgeport, CT (203) 579-5581 Wilmington, DE (302) 573-6518 Jacksonville, FL (904) 232-2895 Savannah, GA (912) 652-4393 Tucker, GA (770) 493-6644/6742/8419 Calumet City, IL (708) 891-3800 Fairview Heights, IL (618) 632-8612 Peoria, IL (309) 671-7033 Baton Rouge, LA (225) 389-0474 (0431) Methuen, MA (617) 565-8110 Linthicum, MD (410) 865-2055/2056 Portland, ME (207) 780-3178 August, ME (207) 622-8417 Lansing, MI (517) 327-0904 Minneapolis, MN (612) 664-5460 St. Louis, MO (314) 425-4249 Billings, MT (406) 247-7494 Omaha, NE (402) 221-3182 Concord, NH (603) 225-1629 Hasbrouck Heights, NJ (201) 288-1700 New York, NY (212) 337-2636 Parsippany, NJ (973) 263-1003 Albany, NY (518) 464-4338 Columbus, OH (614) 469-5582 Austin, TX (512) 916-5783 (5788) Toledo, OH (419) 259-7542 Corpus Christi, TX (361) 888-3420 Oklahoma City, OK (405) 278-9560 Dallas, TX (214) 320-2400 (2558) Portland, OR (503) 326-2251 El Paso, TX (915) 534-6251 Allentown, PA (610) 776-0592 Fort Worth, TX (817) 428-2470 (485-7647) Erie, PA (814) 833-5758 Houston, TX (281) 591-2438 (2787) Harrisburg, PA (717) 782-3902 Houston, TX (281) 286-0583/0584 (5922) Eau Claire, WI (715) 832-9019 Madison, WI (608) 264-5388 Milwaukee, WI (414) 297-3315 Charleston, WV (304) 347-5937 |
Alaska
Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development
Commissioner
(907) 465-2700
FAX: (907) 465-2784
Program Director
(907) 269-4904
FAX: (907) 269-4915
Arizona
Industrial Commission of Arizona
Director, ICA
(602) 542-4411
FAX: (602) 542-1614
Program Director
602) 542-5795
FAX: (602) 542-1614
California
California Department of Industrial Relations
Director
(415) 703-5050
FAX: (415) 703-5114
Chief (415) 703-5100
FAX: (415) 703-5114
Manager, Cal/OSHA Program Office
(415) 703-5177
FAX: (415) 703-5114
Connecticut
Connecticut Department of Labor
Commissioner
(860) 566-5123
FAX: (860) 566-1520
Conn-OSHA Director
(860) 566-4550
FAX: (860) 566-6916
Hawaii
Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations
Director
(808) 586-8844
FAX: (808) 586-9099
Administrator (808) 586-9116
FAX: (808) 586-9104
Indiana
Indiana Department of Labor
Commissioner
(317) 232-2378
FAX: (317) 233-3790
Deputy Commissioner
(317) 232-3325
FAX: (317) 233-3790
Iowa
Iowa Division of Labor
Commissioner
(515) 281-6432
FAX: (515) 281-4698
Administrator (515) 281-3469
FAX: (515) 281-7995
Kentucky
Kentucky Labor Cabinet
Secretary (502) 564-3070
FAX: (502) 564-5387
Federal\State Coordinator
(502) 564-3070 ext.240
FAX: (502) 564-1682
Maryland
Maryland Division of Labor and Industry
Commissioner
(410) 767-2999
FAX: (410) 767-2300
Deputy Commissioner
(410) 767-2992
FAX: (410) 767-2003
Assistant Commissioner, MOSH
(410) 767-2215
FAX: (410) 767-2003
Michigan
Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services
Director
(517) 322-1814
FAX: (517) 322-1775
Minnesota
Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry
Commissioner
(651) 296-2342
FAX: (651) 282-5405
Assistant Commissioner
(651) 296-6529
FAX: (651) 282-5293
Administrative Director, OSHA Management Team
(651) 282-5772
FAX: (651) 297-2527
Nevada
Nevada Division of Industrial Relations
Administrator
(775) 687-3032
FAX: (775) 687-6305
Chief Administrative Officer
(702) 486-9044
FAX: (702) 990-0358
[Las Vegas (702) 687-5240]
New Jersey
New Jersey Department of Labor
Commissioner
(609) 292-2975
FAX: (609) 633-9271
Assistant Commissioner
(609) 292-2313
FAX: (609) 292-1314
Program Director, PEOSH
(609) 292-3923
FAX: (609) 292-4409
New Mexico
New Mexico Environment Department
Secretary
(505) 827-2850
FAX: (505) 827-2836
Chief (505) 827-4230
FAX: (505) 827-4422
New York
New York Department of Labor
Acting Commissioner
(518) 457-2741
FAX: (518) 457-6908
Division Director
(518) 457-3518
FAX: (518) 457-6908
North Carolina
North Carolina Department of Labor
Commissioner
(919) 807-2900
FAX: (919) 807-2855
Deputy Commissioner, OSH Director
(919) 807-2861
FAX: (919) 807-2855
OSH Assistant Director
(919) 807-2863
FAX: (919) 807-2856
Oregon
Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Administrator
(503) 378-3272
FAX: (503) 947-7461
Deputy Administrator for Policy
(503) 378-3272
FAX: (503) 947-7461
Deputy Administrator for Operations
(503) 378-3272
FAX: (503) 947-7461
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources
Secretary
(787) 754-2119
FAX: (787) 753-9550
Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health
(787) 756-1100, 1106 / 754-2171
FAX: (787) 767-6051
Deputy Director for Occupational Safety and Health
(787) 756-1100/1106, 754-2188
FAX: (787) 767-6051
South Carolina
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation
Director
(803) 896-4300
FAX: (803) 896-4393
Program Director (803) 734-9644
FAX: (803) 734-9772
Tennessee
Tennessee Department of Labor
Commissioner
(615) 741-2582
FAX: (615) 741-5078
Acting Program Director
(615) 741-2793
FAX: (615) 741-3325
Utah
Utah Labor Commission
Commissioner
(801) 530-6901
FAX: (801) 530-7906
Administrator (801) 530-6898
FAX: (801) 530-6390
Vermont
Vermont Department of Labor and Industry
Commissioner
(802) 828-2288
FAX: (802) 828-2748
Project Manager (802) 828-2765
FAX: (802) 828-2195
Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Department of Labor
Acting Commissioner
(340) 773-1990
FAX: (340) 773-1858
Program Director
(340) 772-1315
FAX: (340) 772-4323
Virginia
Virginia Department of Labor and Industry
Commissioner
(804) 786-2377
FAX: (804) 371-6524
Director, Office of Legal Support
(804) 786-9873
FAX: (804) 786-8418
Washington
Washington Department of Labor and Industries
Director
(360) 902-4200
FAX: (360) 902-4202
Assistant Director
(360) 902-5495
FAX: (360) 902-5529
Program Manager, Federal-State Operations
(360) 902-5430
FAX: (360) 902-5529
Wyoming
Wyoming Department of Employment
Safety Administrator
(307) 777-7786
FAX: (307) 777-3646
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Information obtained from a job hazard analysis is useless unless hazard control measures recommended in the analysis are incorporated into the tasks. Managers should recognize that not all hazard controls are equal. Some are more effective than others at reducing the risk.
The order of precedence and effectiveness of hazard control is the following:
Engineering controls include the following:
Administrative controls include the following:
Personal Protective Equipment such as respirators, hearing protection, protective clothing, safety glasses, and hardhats is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances:
Use of one hazard control method over another higher in the control precedence may be appropriate for providing interim protection until the hazard is abated permanently. In reality, if the hazard cannot be eliminated entirely, the adopted control measures will likely be a combination of all three items instituted simultaneously.
| Hazards | Hazard Descriptions |
| Chemical (Toxic) | A chemical that exposes a person by absorption through the skin, inhalation, or through the bloodstream that causes illness, disease, or death.The amount of chemical exposure is critical in determining hazardous effects. Check Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and/or OSHA 1910.1000 for chemical hazard information. |
| Chemical (Flammable) | A chemical that, when exposed to a heat ignition source, results in combustion. Typically, the lower a chemical's flash point and boiling point, the more flammable the chemical. Check MSDS for flammability information. |
| Chemical (Corrosive) | A chemical that, when it comes into contact with skin, metal, or other materials, damages the materials. Acids and bases are examples of corrosives. |
| Explosion (Chemical Reaction) | Self explanatory. |
| Explosion (Over Pressurization) | Sudden and violent release of a large amount of gas/energy due to a significant pressure difference such as rupture in a boiler or compressed gas cylinder. |
| Electrical (Shock/Short Circuit) | Contact with exposed conductors or a device that is incorrectly or inadvertently grounded, such as when a metal ladder comes into contact with power lines. 60Hz alternating current (common house current) is very dangerous because it can stop the heart. |
| Electrical (Fire) | Use of electrical power that results in electrical overheating or arcing to the point of combustion or ignition of flammables, or electrical component damage. |
| Electrical (Static/ESD) | The moving or rubbing of wool, nylon, other synthetic fibers, and even flowing liquids can generate static electricity. This creates an excess or deficiency of electrons on the surface of material that discharges (spark) to the ground resulting in the ignition of flammables or damage to electronics or the body's nervous system. |
| Electrical (Loss of Power) | Safety-critical equipment failure as a result of loss of power. |
| Ergonomics (Strain) | Damage of tissue due to over exertion (strains and sprains) or repetitive motion. |
| Ergonomics (Human Error) | A system design, procedure, or equipment that is error-provocative. (A switch goes up to turn something off). |
| Excavation (Collapse) | Soil collapse in a trench or excavation as a resultof improper or inadequate shoring. Soil type is critical in determining the hazard likelihood. |
| Fall (Slip, Trip) | Conditions that result in falls (impacts) from height or traditional walking surfaces (such as slippery floors, poor housekeeping, uneven walking surfaces, exposed ledges, etc.) |
| Fire/Heat | Temperatures that can cause burns to the skin or damage to other organs. Fires require a heat source, fuel, and oxygen. |
| Mechanical/Vibration (Chaffing/Fatigue) | Vibration that can cause damage to nerve endings,or material fatigue that results in a safety-critical failure. (Examples are abraded slings and ropes, weakened hoses and belts.) |
| MechanicalFailure | Self explanatory; typically occurs when devices exceed designed capacity or are inadequately maintained. |
| Mechanical | Skin, muscle, or body part exposed to crushing, caught-between, cutting, tearing, shearing items or equipment. |
| Noise | Noise levels (>85 dBA 8 hr TWA) that result in hearing damage or inability to communicate safety-critical information. |
| Radiation (Ionizing) | Alpha, Beta, Gamma, neutral particles, and X-rays that cause injury (tissue damage) by ionization of cellular components. |
| Radiation (Non-Ionizing) | Ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, and microwaves that cause injury to tissue by thermal or photochemical means. |
| Struck By (MassAcceleration) | Accelerated mass that strikes the body causing injury or death. (Examples are falling objects and projectiles.) |
| Struck Against | Injury to a body part as a result of coming into contact of a surface in which action was initiated by the person. (An example is when a screwdriver slips.) |
| TemperatureExtreme (Heat/Cold) | Temperatures that result in heat stress, exhaustion, or metabolic slow down such as hypothermia. |
| Visibility | Lack of lighting or obstructed vision that results in an error or other hazard. |
| Weather Phenomena (Snow/Rain/Wind/Ice) | Self explanatory. |
| Job Title: | Job Location: | Analyst | Date |
| Task # | Task Description: | ||
| Hazard Type: | Hazard Description: | ||
| Consequence: | Hazard Controls: | ||
| Rationale or Comment: | |||
