Principal Emergency Response and Preparedness
Requirements and Guidance
OSHA's role is to assure the safety and health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health.
This informational booklet provides a general overview of a particular topic related to OSHA standards. It does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities in OSHA standards or the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, you should consult current OSHA administrative interpretations, and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the Courts for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements.
This publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested but not required.
This information is available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA 3122-06R
2004
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Make exit route design permanent. Ensure that the number of exit routes is adequate based on the number of employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, and the arrangement of the workplace. Separate an exit route from other workplace areas with materials that have the proper fire resistance-rating for the number of stories the route connects. Ensure that exit routes meet width and height requirements. The width of exit routes must be sufficient to accommodate the maximum permitted occupant load of each floor served by the exit route. Ensure that doors used to access exit routes have side hinges and swing in the direction of travel (depending on occupancy and hazard areas). Design exit routes that lead to an outside area with enough space for all occupants. An outdoor exit route is permitted but may have additional site-specific requirements. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.36 Design and construction requirements for exit routes. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedures - Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes. Fact Sheet - Emergency Exit Routes Fact Sheet. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Life Safety Code NFPA 101. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Maintain the fire-retardant properties of paints and solutions that are used in exit routes. Ensure that required exit routes and fire protections are available and maintained, especially during repairs and alterations. Ensure that employee alarm systems are installed, operable, and in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.165 (Note: See Section I.A.5.). Direct employees through exit routes using clearly visible signs. These signs must meet the required letter height and illumination specifications. When openings could be mistaken for an exit, post appropriate signs stating “NOT AN EXIT.” Arrange exit routes so that employees are not exposed to the dangers of high hazard areas. Exit routes must be free and unobstructed. Prevent obstructions, such as decorations, furnishings, locked doorways, and dead-ends within exit routes. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes. Interpretation Letter - February 1, 1991, Mr. Sanford B. White, Use of Self-luminous and electroluminescent exit signs. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedure-Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes. Checklist - Alarm System Checklist. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Life Safety Code NFPA 101. |
| Procedural,Program,and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that medical personnel are ready and available for advice and consultation on the overall employee safety and health condition in the workplace. Provide trained personnel and adequate first aid supplies to render first aid when a medical facility is not in near proximity to the workplace. Provide suitable facilities for immediate emergency use if exposure to injurious or corrosive materials is possible. |
| Training Requirements | Adequately train personnel expected to administer first aid. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.151 Medical services and first aid. Interpretation Letter - April 18, 2002, Mr. John Mateus, Clarification of 1910.151 Medical Services and First Aid. Interpretation Letter - January 6, 1995, Larry M. Starr, PhD, The review of first aid training programs. Interpretation Letter - November 1, 2002, Jennifer Shishido, Additional clarification of using ANSI Z358.1 as guidance to comply with 1910.151(c). Interpretation Letter - November 19, 1992, Mr. Shawn L. O'Mara, Response time and "in near proximity" requirements. Other Standards - American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Select and distribute portable fire extinguishers based on the class, size, and degree of workplace fire hazards. Mount, locate, and identify the extinguishers so they are readily accessible in an emergency and will not subject employees to potential injury. Provide only approved portable fire extinguishers. Maintain fire extinguishers. Maintenance includes monthly visual inspections, hydrostatic testing, annual internal examinations, and all associated documentation. Ensure that the travel distance from employee to the nearest extinguisher is appropriate for the fire class. Exemptions may apply when employees are expected to evacuate the workplace in an emergency action plan that meets 29 CFR 1910.38 standards. This option may effectively minimize the potential for fire-related injuries but would not authorize employees to use extinguishers. |
| Training Requirements | If portable fire extinguishers are provided for employee use, provide an educational program at initial employment and at least annually thereafter. Provide education specific to any equipment employees are expected to use as part of an emergency action plan. Provide training upon initial assignment and at least annually thereafter. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers. Interpretation Letter - June 12, 2000, Mr. Hugh Erwin, Soda acid and inverted foam extinguishers are not approved portable firefighting equipment. Referenced Standards - 29 CFR 1910.155 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this subpart. E-Tools Evacuation Plans and Procedures - Evaluating the Workplace -Portable Fire Extinguishers. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers NFPA 10. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide a distinctive and perceivable alarm system for emergency action or safe evacuation. Specific requirements may apply if the alarm system includes telephones/manual operations, the workplace has 10 or fewer employees, or alarms serve more than one purpose. Ensure that all equipment used for alarm systems is approved and spare components are available. Test alarms at the frequency required. Follow special safety requirements for testing or restoring alarms. |
| Training Requirements | Establish procedures and instruct employees on when and how to sound an alarm and notify emergency personnel, and what each alarm type means. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee alarm systems. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedures --Workplace Evaluation - Alarm Systems. Interpretation Letter - January 23, 1991, Mr. David A. Kruger, Employee emergency alarm systems. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Identify possible emergency scenarios based on the nature of the workplace and its surroundings. Prepare a written emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the plan must include:
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| Training Requirements | Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed, responsibilities shift, or the emergency procedures change. Provide training to employees who are expected to assist in the evacuation. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency Action Plan. Directive - CPL 02-01-037 Compliance Policy for Emergency Action Plans and Fire Prevention Plans. E-Tools - OSHA's Expert System - Emergency Action Plan. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedures - Emergency Action Plan Checklist. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedures - Evacuation Elements. Fact Sheet - Planning and Responding to Workplace Emergencies. Fact Sheet - Evacuating High-Rise Buildings. Other Agency Resources - EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) Database. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prepare a written fire prevention plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. Develop a plan that includes
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| Training Requirements | Inform employees about relevant fire hazards and self-protection procedures in the fire prevention plan when they are initially assigned to a job. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.39 Fire Prevention Plans. Directive - CPL 02-01-037 Compliance Policy for Emergency Action Plans and Fire Prevention Plans. E-Tools - Evacuation Plans and Procedures - Fire Prevention Plan Requirements. Other Agency Resources - National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Life Safety Code NFPA 101. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written emergency action plan for each kind of working platform operation. At a minimum, the plan must explain:
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| Training Requirements | Train all employees who operate working platforms on the emergency action plan procedures and the parts of the plan the employees must know to protect themselves in the event of an emergency. This training must be provided upon initial assignment and whenever the plan is changed. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | For stationary storage installations, provide at least two suitable gas masks with ammonia canisters for either emergency response or evacuation purposes. Provide a self-contained breathing apparatus for respiratory protection in concentrated ammonia atmospheres. For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that each compressor drive has an emergency source of power unless other measures can be taken to safely vent the vapors while the refrigeration system is not operating. For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that an emergency alarm system is installed that will activate in the event that the container(s) reach the maximum allowable operating pressure. For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that an emergency alarm system and shutoff are installed in the condenser unit that will activate in the event that there is an excess discharge pressure. |
| AssistanceTools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia. Interpretation Letter - February 7, 1998, Mr. Jesse L. McDaniel, Respiratory Protection for Anhydrous Ammonia Storage Installations. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Conduct a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) for each covered process, and update and revalidate the PHA every 5 years. Incorporate emergency shutdown actions and operations into the written operating procedures for each process. Include conditions that require emergency action and the qualified operator responsible for performing these procedures. Implement an emergency action plan for the facility as described in 29 CFR 1910.38. Maintain the mechanical integrity of PSM emergency systems and alarms. If employees are expected to handle an emergency release rather than promptly evacuate, implement an emergency response plan according to 1910.120(q). Provide proper response and personal protective equipment for emergency responders under the plan. |
| Training Requirements | Review facility PSM emergency shutdown and response procedures with employees. Provide additional training to employees who provide response actions covered by 29 CFR 1910.120(q). As a host employer, clearly communicate emergency action plans with contractors. Contract employers must ensure that their employees are instructed in potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to their jobs. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. Standard Appendix - 1910.119 Appendix A - List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives (Mandatory). Standard Appendix - 1910.119 Appendix C - Compliance Guidelines and Recommendations for Process Safety Management (Nonmandatory). Preamble to Final Rule - Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals; Explosives and Blasting Agents -III. Summary and Explanation of the Final Rule. Interpretation Letter - December 7, 1995 - Mr. J.B. Evans, OSHA's Standard Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38. If all employees are to evacuate and an emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from 1910.120(l). If employees may assist in handling the emergency, then the following requirements apply. As a separate section of the site safety and health plan, develop a written emergency response plan. The plan must be implemented before site operations begin and should be integrated with those of other local, state, and Federal agencies. Identify emergency response personnel and responsibilities in the site program's organizational structure. Include emergency response training details in the comprehensive site work plan. Identify personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment for emergency response in the emergency response plan. Install alarm systems that meet requirements of 29 CFR 1910.165. Share site-specific emergency response procedures with contractors and subcontractors. Under certain circumstances, emergency response personnel may qualify for the medical surveillance program. |
| TrainingRequirements | Train employees assigned to respond to hazardous emergencies at cleanup sites on how to respond to expected emergencies. Regularly rehearse and train employees as part of the overall training program for site operations. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. Standard Appendix - 1910.120 Appendix B General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear. Publication - OSHA 3114, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. Safety and Health Topics - Emergency Preparedness/Response. Interpretation Letter - July 28, 1989, Richard F. Boggs, PhD, Application of OSHA's final standard for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. Interpretation Letter - May 23, 1989, Mr. Lanny E. Partain, Criteria for inclusion of workers in a medical surveillance program and training under 1910.120. Other Agency Resources - EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) Database. Directive - CPL 02-02-071 Technical Enforcement and Assistance Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Site and RCRA Corrective Action Clean-up Operations. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38. If all employees are to evacuate and an emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from 1910.120(p) emergency requirements. If employees may assist in handling the emergency then the following requirements apply. Include a written emergency response plan in the employer's safety and health program. Ensure that the plan is compatible with other response agency plans and reviewed periodically to ensure currency with site conditions and information. Provide appropriate PPE and emergency equipment to respond to potential site emergencies. Install alarm systems that meet requirements of 1910.165. Depending on exposure circumstances, emergency responders may qualify for participation in the site medical surveillance program. |
| Training Requirements | Before an employee is required to perform response actions, provide training to a level of competence that protects themselves and other employees. Regularly rehearse the emergency response plan as part of the overall training program for site operations. Record and maintain training certifications that show employee attendance and completion of required training. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. Interpretation Letter - July 28, 1989, Richard F. Boggs, Ph.D., Application of OSHA's Final Standard for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. Other Agency Resources - EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) Database. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency action plan in accordance with 1910.38(a). If all employees are to evacuate and an emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from paragraph 1910.120(q) emergency requirements. If employees may assist in handling the emergency, then the following requirements apply. Develop and implement a written emergency response plan that includes
Establish an Incident Command System (ICS) to coordinate response actions. Provide chemical protective clothing for emergency responders that is appropriate for site hazards. Provide backup and advance first aid support personnel ready to provide assistance or rescue. Provide equipment necessary for backup and first aid support personnel and transportation for medical care. Some emergency responders require medical surveillance automatically, while others may qualify only under certain exposure circumstances. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training to employees based on their expected duties. Train responders to one of the following levels: first responder awareness, first responder operations, hazardous materials technician, hazardous materials specialist, and on scene incident commander. Provide required training to “skilled support personnel” and “specialist employees.” Ensure trainers are qualified to provide training. Provide and document annual refresher training. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. Directive - CPL 02-02-059 Inspection Procedures for the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard, 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1926.65, Paragraph (q): Emergency Response to Hazardous Substance Releases. Directive - CPL 02-02-059, Appendix E Releases Of Hazardous Substances That Require An Emergency Response. Other Agency Assistance Tool - Oil Spill Field Operations Guide ICS-OS-420-1 Other Agency Resources - EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) Database. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide an emergency shower and eyewash station close to dipping operations. If employees work with liquids that may burn, irritate, or otherwise harm their skin, provide
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| Training Requirements | Ensure that employees know appropriate first aid procedures. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating operations. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide retrieval systems or methods for non-entry rescue where feasible. Develop and implement procedures to summon rescue and emergency services to rescue entrants. Implement procedures to provide emergency services to rescued employees and prevent unauthorized personnel from attempting a rescue. Evaluate and select a rescuer based on his or her ability to effectively respond to a rescue in a timely manner, considering the hazard(s) identified and the types of permit spaces entered. Ensure that the responder is properly equipped and proficient. Provide rescuers access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary, so that appropriate rescue plans are developed and rescue operations practiced. An employer whose employees provide permit space rescue and emergency services must provide PPE to employees, at no cost to those employees. |
| Training Requirements | Inform the rescuer(s) of potential hazards they may confront during rescue at the site. An employer whose employees provide permit space rescue and emergency services must document the training of rescuers as authorized entrants. They must also be trained in the following:
Attendants must be trained in the following:
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| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces. Standard Appendix - 1910.146 Non-Mandatory Appendix F, Rescue Team or Rescue Service Evaluation Criteria. Interpretation Letter - May 9, 1994, Battalion Chief Chase Sargent, Permit Required Confined Space Standard as it relates to rescue services. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prepare and maintain a fire brigade written organizational statement. Document fire brigade member training information in the organizational statement. Ensure employees expected to fight fires are physically capable to perform assigned duties. Inspect and maintain fire fighting equipment annually. Inspect respirators and fire extinguishers monthly. Remove and replace damaged equipment. Supply protective clothing with components to protect the head, body, and extremities at no cost to the employee. Ensure fire brigade members are provided with and use compliant respirators. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training in the amount and frequency necessary to prepare members for their expected duties and any special hazards they may encounter. Ensure the quality of fire brigade training is equivalent to the training provided by the specified fire training schools referenced in the standard. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire Brigades. Supporting Statement for Paperwork Reduction Act 1995 Submissions - Fire brigades (Organizational Statement). Interpretation letter - February 22, 1991, Mr. Richard H. Timms, Respirators for firefighters. Interpretation Letter - April 26, 2002, Mr. Steve Boykin, Training requirements for fire brigade members. Interpretation Letter - June 20, 1997, Regional Administrators, SCBA Cylinder Interchangeability. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Life Safety Code NFPA 101. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code - Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments NFPA 1582. |
| Procedural,Program,and/or Equipment Requirements | Supply a copious and flowing supply of fresh, clean water wherever acids or caustics are used. When hazards are present or likely to be present, select and use PPE in accordance with 1910.132, 1910.133, and 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.5(c) Applicability of the Standards. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide sufficient and adequate first aid kits for worksites and transport vehicles. Provide sufficient kits based on the number of employees, anticipated hazards, and worksite isolation. Maintain contents of each first aid kit in a serviceable condition. |
| Training Requirements | Provide and keep current minimum first aid and CPR training for each supervisor and employee. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.266 Logging Operations. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.266 Appendix A First-Aid Kits (Mandatory). Standard - 29 CFR 1910.5(c) Applicability of the Standards. OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics - Logging. E-Tools - Logging eTool. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Do not perform tree work during storm or emergency conditions. When an emergency condition develops due to tree operations, implement procedures to suspend work and notify the electric utility system operator/owner. If work includes entry into a manhole occupied jointly by telecommunication and electric utilities, or if there is a potential that a safety hazard exists, provide an employee who is immediately available to render first aid. Provide quick-drenching and/or eye-flushing facilities for battery handling areas. Provide first aid kits approved by a consulting physician, ensuring the kits are readily accessible, inspected monthly, and replenished as necessary. |
| Training Requirements | Provide employees with appropriate training on emergency situation procedures and first aid (including instruction in artificial respiration). Train employees working with storage batteries on emergency procedures for acid spills. Maintain proper training certifications for employment duration. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that an employee with training is immediately available outside an enclosed space with potential hazards and ready to give emergency assistance and first aid. If energized electric equipment is contained in a manhole where work is being performed, ensure that the attendant is also trained to provide CPR. Provide equipment to ensure the prompt and safe rescue of employees from enclosed spaces. Provide medical care and first aid as required in 29 CFR 1910.151(b) (Note: See Section I.A.3.). Place supplies in weatherproof containers if the supplies could be exposed to weather. Inspect and maintain first aid kits often enough, at least annually, to ensure replacement of needed or expired items. Provide water or showers for emergency use when chemically cleaning boilers and pressure vessels in power generating plants. Provide emergency repair kits near the shelter or enclosure for prompt repair of leaks in lines, equipment, or containers of chlorine systems. |
| Training Requirements | Train employees in emergency procedures applicable to their work, such as pole top and manhole rescue. Train sufficient employees in first aid and CPR, when working on or near exposed lines or equipment at 50 volts or more. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. Interpretation letter - February 22, 1999, Richard S. Terrill, CPR/first-aid training and working along provisions. Interpretation letter - February 13, 1997, Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution standard regarding pole-top rescue. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement an emergency action plan according to 29 CFR 1910.38 (Note: See Section I.B.1.). Provide two or more emergency escape routes from galleries or bin decks. Provide emergency escape route(s) for grain elevator tunnels. Provide a body harness and lifeline or boatswain's chair for entry into grain storage structures when the employee enters at or above the grain level. Ensure that a properly equipped observer maintains communication with an employee who enters a bin, silo, or tank. Provide rescue equipment designed for the storage structure. |
| Training Requirements | Train employees who serve as observers for entry into grain storage structures on rescue procedures, including notification for additional assistance. Explain the emergency action plan to contractors. Notify contractors of potential fire and explosion hazards related to their work and work area. Inform contractors performing work at the grain handling facility of known potential fire and explosion hazards related to the contractor's work and work area. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.272 Grain handling facilities. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.272 Appendix A Grain handling facilities. OSHA Safety and Health Topics - Grain Handling. NIOSH ALERT - July 1986, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 86-118, Preventing Fatalities Due to Fires and Explosions in Oxygen-Limiting Silos. National Agriculture Safety Database - Dawna L. Cyr and Steven B. Johnson, Ph.D. University of Maine Grain Storage Safety. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and maintain a safe practices manual that includes emergency procedures for fire, equipment failure, adverse environmental conditions, and medical illness and injury for each diving mode. Make the manual available at the dive location to each dive team member. Ensure that the planning of a diving operation includes an assessment of emergency procedures. Prior to each diving operation, ensure that a list of telephone or call numbers for the following is kept at the dive location:
Provide an American Red Cross standard first aid handbook or equivalent, and a bagtype< manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing at the dive location. Provide an operational, two-way communication system at the dive location for obtaining emergency assistance. |
| Training Requirements | Ensure that dive team members have experience and/or provide training in diving operations and emergency procedures. Ensure that all dive team members are trained in CPR and first aid (American Red Cross standard course or equivalent). |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.401 Scope and application. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.420 Safe practice manual. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.421 Pre-dive procedures. Standard - 29 CFR 1910.422 Procedures during dive. Directive - STD 01-17-001 - 29 CFR 1910.401-1910.441, Subpart T, - Commercial Diving Operations. OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics - Commercial Diving. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post appropriate signs at regulated area entrances and exits. Prescribe and post specific emergency procedures. Provide emergency showers and eyewash fountains near, within sight of, and on the same level where a direct exposure to Ethyleneimine or beta-Propiolactone would be most likely as a result of equipment failure or improper work practice. Evacuate areas where an emergency release has occurred. Correct the hazardous conditions and decontaminate the area before restarting normal operations. Ensure that employee(s) who were exposed shower as soon as possible. Provide special medical surveillance by a physician within 24 hours for employees located in an area where an emergency release has occurred. Report all releases that may expose employees to the OSHA Area Director within 24 hours. File a written report to the nearest OSHA Area Director within 15 calendar days. |
| Training Requirements | Before an employee is authorized to enter a regulated area provide, and review at least annually, training on the purpose and his or her role in emergency procedures, how to recognize situations that may result in a carcinogen release, and specific first aid care. Familiarize and rehearse with employees the specific emergency procedures that are prescribed and posted. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (1910.1004-1016). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals. OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics - Carcinogens. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post appropriate signs at entrances to regulated areas, areas containing hazardous operations, or where an emergency exists. For each facility using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas, develop a written operational plan for emergencies. Ensure that the plan addresses hazardous operations, hazardous release correction, and evacuation of the release area. Provide protective equipment for those working in hazardous areas and hazardous release areas. Provide appropriate medical surveillance to an employee exposed to an emergency. Report all emergencies to the OSHA Area Director within 24 hours. |
| Training Requirements | Include emergency procedures, how to recognize conditions that may result in a vinyl chloride release, and fire hazards and prevention in the employee training program. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. Interpretation letter - March 10, 1986, Mr. Donald G. Mader, Definitions of "massive release", "equipment failure", and "emergency" under the vinyl chloride standard. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. At a minimum, the plan must include
Provide required medical examinations as soon as possible to any employee who may have been acutely exposed to cadmium because of an emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least annually thereafter. Ensure employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium. Standard Appendix - 1910.1027 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet - Cadmium. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post signs at entrances to regulated areas. Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies. Whenever spills, leaks, ruptures, or other breakdowns occur that may lead to employee exposure, monitor (using area or personal sampling) after the cleanup of the spill or repair of the leak, rupture, or other breakdown to ensure that exposures have returned to the level that existed prior to the incident. Provide medical surveillance, required urine and blood analysis, and follow-up testing and consultation, as designated. |
| Training Requirements | Train employees on the applicable requirements in 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard communication standard), the procedural and equipment requirements in 1910.1028, and respiratory protection. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1028 Benzene. Standard Appendix - 1910.1028 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet, Benzene. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post applicable signs in regulated areas. Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies. Do not begin the next coking cycle following an emergency until the cause of the emergency is determined and corrected, unless the cycle is necessary to determine the cause of the emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Include a review of emergency procedures and respirator use in the training program. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1029 Coke oven emissions. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post applicable signs that indicate all regulated areas. Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies for each workplace containing DBCP. Select and provide appropriate respirators, protective clothing and equipment for emergencies. Evacuate employees not engaged in responding to the emergency and do not resume normal operations until the emergency is abated. Install and maintain an alarm for alerting employees in case of a DBCP emergency. Provide medical surveillance and exposure monitoring when employees are exposed during a DBCP emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Inform employees about the emergency and first aid procedures in Appendix A. Ensure that employee training covers a review of 29 CFR 1910.1044, including emergency requirements. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| AssistanceTools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Standard Appendix - 1910.1044 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for DBCP. Standard Appendix - 1910.1044 Appendix B, Substance technical guidelines for DBCP. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Identify the rooms in the workplace that contain AN by posting appropriate signs. Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies. Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies involving AN. Install and maintain an alarm for alerting employees in case of an AN emergency. Evacuate employees not engaged in correcting the emergency and do not allow their return until the emergency is abated. Report all AN emergencies to the OSHA Area Office within 72 hours. |
| Training Requirements | Include information about the emergency and first aid procedures in Appendix A. Provide emergency procedure training upon initial assignment and at least annually thereafter. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1045 Acrylonitrile. Standard Appendix - 1910.1045 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for acrylonitrile. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Post applicable signs that identify the rooms where EtO is used. Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies. Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies involving EtO. Include the elements required by 29 CFR 1910.38 and 1910.39. Install and maintain a general alarm to promptly alert employees of an EtO emergency and evacuate all employees from the area in an emergency situation. Provide medical exams and consultations to employees exposed during an EtO emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Initially, and at least annually, train employees in emergency EtO procedures. Inform applicable employees about the emergency and first aid procedures in Appendix A. Train employees on how to detect workplace EtO releases. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene oxide. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1047 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for ethylene oxide (non-mandatory). Interpretation Letter - December 11, 1998, Mr. Darrel Giraud, Use of ethylene oxide alarm systems with sensors. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that procedures are adopted and implemented to minimize injury and loss of life for each workplace, where an emergency involving formaldehyde is a possibility. Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies. Provide full body protection protective clothing for emergency reentry into areas of unknown concentration. Provide eyewash facilities in areas based on exposure probability. For all employees exposed to formaldehyde during an emergency, make medical examinations and surveillance available, and provide details about the exposure to the physician as soon as possible. |
| Training Requirements | Train employees in emergency procedures, including the specific duties for each employee during an emergency. Provide instruction for handling spills and cleanup procedures. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1048 Formaldehyde. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1048 Appendix C, Medical surveillance - Formaldehyde. Interpretation Letter - December 12, 1989, Mr. Thomas J. Dufficy, Requirements under the formaldehyde standard for quick drench showers, eye wash facilities, emergency plans and sampling. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must
Ensure that employees not engaged in correcting emergency conditions are immediately evacuated in the event of an emergency. Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies. Make available a medical surveillance program, as provided by the standard, for employees exposed to MDA during an emergency situation. |
| Training Requirements | Provide employees with information and training on MDA, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200(h), at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter. Ensure employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline. Standard Appendix - 1910.1050 Appendix A, Substance data sheet, for 4,4'-Methylenedianiline. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must include applicable elements prescribed in
Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a job potentially involving exposure to BD at or above the action level or short-term exposure limit and at least annually thereafter. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3 Butadiene. Standard Appendix - 1910.1051 Appendix A - Substance safety data sheet for 1,3Butadiene. Directive - CPL 02-02-066 - 1,3-Butadiene. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that incidental leaks are repaired and that incidental spills are promptly cleaned up by employees who use the appropriate personal protective equipment and are trained in proper methods of cleanup. If employees respond to cleanup an emergency release of MC, implement an emergency response as described in 29 CFR 1910.120(q). Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies. Provide within the immediate work area and ensure that affected employees use appropriate emergency eyewash facilities if it is reasonably foreseeable that an employee's eyes may contact solutions containing 0.1 percent or greater MC (for example through splashes, spills, or improper work practices). Provide emergency medical surveillance, treatment, and decontamination, as provided by the standard, for employees exposed to MC during an emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training and information for each affected employee prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to MC. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1052 Methylene Chloride. Standard Appendix - 1910.1052 Appendix A, Substance Safety Data Sheet and Technical Guidelines for Methylene Chloride. Directive - CPL 02-02-070 - Inspection Procedures for Occupational Exposure to Methylene Chloride Final Rule 29 CFR Part 1910.1052, 29 CFR Part 1915.1052 and 29 CFR 1926.1152. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Include hazard determination and controls in the chemical hygiene plan. When a spill, leak, explosion, or other event occurs, determine the need for a medical examination by providing affected employees the opportunity for medical consultation. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training on how to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. Train employees in specific emergency procedures. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1450 Appendix A, National Research Council Recommendations Concerning Chemical Hygiene in Laboratories (Non-Mandatory). |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Assess the workplace for hazards that are present or likely to be present. Select and ensure the use of PPE based on the workplace assessment. |
| Training Requirements | Provide PPE training to all employees required to use PPE. Retrain employees when it is believed the employee does not have the understanding or skill to properly use the PPE. Verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required training through a written certification. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.132 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment). Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B, Non-mandatory Compliance Guidelines for Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment Selection. Fact Sheet - OSHA Fact Sheet, Personal Protective Equipment. Other Agency Guidance - Center for Disease Control, Personal Protective Equipment Program. Other Agency Guidance - NIOSH, Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Select and provide respirators suitable for the intended purpose. When respirators are required, establish and implement a written respiratory protection program that includes procedures for proper respirator use in emergency situations. Update the program when changes in workplace conditions affect respirator use. Clean and disinfect emergency respirators after each use. Ensure that emergency respirators are properly stored and inspected. Certify emergency-only respirators by a certification tag or other proper documentation method. For entry into Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) environments, provide retrieval equipment or equivalent means for rescue of employees. Maintain required personnel and communications for emergency rescue. For interior structural firefighting, ensure that at least two employees who remain in contact with one another enter the structure. Provide sufficient standby personnel when employees enter IDLH environments. During interior structural firefighting, provide at least two standby personnel. Provide and ensure the use of self-contained breathing apparatuses during interior structural firefighting. |
| Training Requirements | Train, at least annually, all employees required to use a respirator on how to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which the respirator malfunctions. Provide training on the respiratory hazards employees may potentially be exposed to in emergency situations. Train and equip employees who provide emergency rescue in IDLH atmospheres. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.134 Appendix B, Respirator Cleaning Procedures (Mandatory). Publication - Questions and Answers on the Respiratory Protection Standard. Publication - Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Revised Respiratory Protection Standard. E-Tools - Respiratory Protection. Interpretation Letter - April 29, 1998, J. Curtis Varone, Esq., Two-in/two-out procedure in firefighting/IDLH environments. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard. Exposures must be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls, and, as a last resort, PPE. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air contaminants. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-1, Limits for Air Contaminants. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-2. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-3, Mineral Dusts. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Establish and maintain a written Exposure Control Plan when there is occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. This plan must be designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Prepare an exposure determination for job classifications having occupational exposure. Provide appropriate PPE when employee exposure remains after the institution of engineering and work practice controls. Provide hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all employees who have occupational exposure. Provide post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to all employees who have had an exposure incident in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control guidelines current at the time of the evaluation or procedure. |
| Training Requirements | Provide initial and annual bloodborne pathogens training to employees with occupational exposure. Provide information on the appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in the event of an emergency involving contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens. Directive - CPL 02-02-069 - Enforcement Procedures for the Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens. Interpretation - February 1, 1993, Most frequently asked questions concerning the bloodborne pathogens standard. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Chemical manufacturers and importers must obtain or develop a material safety data sheet that includes emergency and first aid procedures for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Develop and implement a hazard communication program. Ensure that material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical used and the hazard communication program are available to workers in the workplace. For employees that travel between workplaces during a workshift, ensure that employees can immediately obtain the required information in an emergency. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training and information to employees on how to identify the release of hazardous chemicals in the work area, protect themselves from exposure, and implement emergency procedures. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard communication. Directive - CPL 02-02-038 - Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication Standard. Frequently Asked Questions - Hazard Communication (HAZCOM). |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | For ship building and repairing, provide sufficient additional personnel (fire watch personnel) for welding, cutting, and heating operations when necessary to guard against fire during and after those operations. Provide fire extinguishing equipment in ship breaking work areas that is suitable for the fire hazards and ready for use. |
| Training Requirements | Instruct fire watch personnel of potential fire hazards and on the use of fire fighting equipment. Instruct all ship breaking personnel expected to contain fires as to the fire hazards and the use of fire fighting equipment. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1915.52 Fire Prevention. E-Tools - Shipyard Employment - Ship Repair. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Unless a first aid room or qualified attendant is close at hand to render care, provide an adequate first aid kit where work is being performed. Kits must be checked at least weekly to ensure they are sufficiently stocked. When 10 or more employees are working at a location, ensure a stretcher(s) is available and kept close to the vessels. This is not a requirement if available ambulance services are known to carry such stretchers. |
| Training Requirements | Ensure that at least one employee, close at hand, is qualified to render first aid. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1915.98 First aid. E-Tools - Shipyard Employment - Ship Repair. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Assess work activities to determine if any hazards require the use of PPE, and document that hazard assessment. Select, provide, and ensure the use of appropriate PPE for each employee who is exposed to work hazards requiring PPE. |
| Training Requirements | Inform affected employees of the PPE selected based on the hazard assessment. Train each employee required to use PPE to understand when and what PPE is necessary; how to put on and remove PPE; how to wear and adjust PPE; the limitations and useful life of equipment; and the care, maintenance, and disposal of PPE. Employees must demonstrate the ability to use PPE prior to performing work requiring its use. Retrain employees who don't understand or display the skills necessary to properly use PPE. Changes in an employee's work task or duties, changes in the types of PPE used, and indications that an employee has not retained the knowledge to properly use PPE require retraining. Document all employee training with the date, employee's name, and type of training. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1915.152 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment). E-Tools - Shipyard Employment - Ship Repair. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard. Exposures should be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls, and, as a last resort, PPE. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1915.1000 Air contaminants. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prior to cargo handling, determine if hazardous cargo will be handled and the nature of the hazards. Remove employees from areas of a hazardous cargo spill or leak until the specific hazards have been identified. Once the hazards of spilled hazardous cargo have been identified, provide any equipment, clothing, and ventilation and fire protection equipment necessary to eliminate or protect against the hazard. Actual cleanup or disposal work shall be conducted under the supervision of a designated person. |
| Training Requirements | Inform employees of potential cargo hazards and precautions to protect themselves. Instruct employees to give notification in the case of spills or leaks and ensure that employees are informed of safe spill cleanup and container disposal methods. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.22 Hazardous cargo. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Protect persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere by testing the atmosphere and providing appropriate respiratory and emergency protective equipment. Except for emergency or rescue operations, do not permit employees to enter into any atmosphere which has been identified as flammable or oxygen deficient (less than 19.5 percent oxygen). Standby observers must continuously monitor the activities of employees who enter an area containing a hazardous atmosphere. Post signs at entry to spaces with hazardous, flammable, or oxygen-deficient atmospheres to prevent inadvertent entry. |
| Training Requirements | Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere regarding the hazards, precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and emergency equipment. Standby observers must also be instructed similarly.In emergency or rescue operations where entry into flammable or oxygen-deficient atmospheres is necessary, train employees as to the hazards and the use of self contained breathing apparatus (SCBAs). |
| AssistanceTools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances. Standard - 29 CFR 1917.152 Welding, cutting and heating (hot work). |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Make available at the terminal a first aid kit appropriate for the hazards found in marine cargo handling operations. The kit's contents must be checked often enough to ensure prompt replacement of needed or expired items. Provide stretchers in operable condition for each vessel being worked. Provide a life ring at each waterside work area where there is potential for drowning. Provide a telephone or other effective means of communication. |
| Training Requirements | When work is in progress, at least one person must have a current first aid certificate to provide first aid care. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.26 First aid and lifesaving facilities. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prepare an emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the plan, must include
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| Training Requirements | Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed, when they are initially assigned to work, his or her responsibilities change or the plan changes. Train employee(s) who are expected to assist in the safe and orderly evacuation. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.30 Emergency action plans. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Conspicuously post signs for locations of first aid facilities, telephones, firefighting and emergency equipment, and fire exits. Conspicuously post telephone numbers of the closest ambulance service, hospital or other source of medical attention, police, fire department, and emergency squad (if any). |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.128 Signs and marking. |
| Training Requirements | Appropriately train the plant superintendent and foremen about the hazards of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency, the use of appropriate respiratory and other protective equipment, and the rescue procedures. Inform other supervisory plant personnel of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency hazards and instruct them in the necessary safety measures, including use of respiratory and rescue equipment. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.73 Termination facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Allow only designated persons to enter hazardous atmospheres. Provide and ensure the use of appropriate respiratory and emergency protective equipment for persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere. Similarly equip standby observers. |
| Training Requirements | Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere on the nature of the hazard(s), precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and emergency equipment. Ensure standby observers continuously monitor the activity of employees within spaces containing a hazardous atmosphere. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides and hazardous preservatives. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | When employees are exposed to hazardous substances that may require emergency bathing, eye-washing, or other facilities, provide and maintain such facilities. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1917.95 Other protective measures. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Protect persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere by providing appropriate respiratory and emergency protective equipment. Standby observers must continuously monitor the activities of employees who enter an area containing a hazardous atmosphere. |
| Training Requirements | Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere regarding the hazards, precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and emergency equipment. Standby observers must also be instructed similarly. In emergency or rescue operations where entry into flammable or oxygen-deficient atmospheres is necessary, train employees as to the hazards and the use of SCBAs. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | When employees are entering a compartment containing a hazardous or unknown concentration of fumigants for testing of the atmosphere, or for emergency purposes, protect each employee with appropriate respiratory protective equipment meeting the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.134 (per 29 CFR 1918.102). Provide any protective clothing and other PPE recommended by the fumigant manufacturer for protection against hazards. Ensure that at least two similarly equipped employees are stationed outside the compartment as observers, to provide rescue services in case of emergency. Provide one or more employees on duty to provide any specific emergency medical treatment stipulated for the particular fumigant. Ensure that emergency equipment is readily accessible wherever fumigated grains are being handled. |
| Training Requirements | Train employees who are to provide emergency care on any specific emergency medical treatment stipulated for the particular fumigant(s). |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Make available at or near each vessel being worked a first aid kit appropriate for the hazards found in marine cargo handling facilities. The kit's contents must be checked often enough to ensure prompt replacement of needed or expired items. Provide stretchers in operable condition for each vessel being worked. Provide a life-ring and line in the vicinity for each vessel being worked and for each floating vessel. Provide a telephone or other effective means of communication. |
| Training Requirements | When work is in progress, ensure that at least one person has a current first aid certificate to render first aid. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities. Standard Appendix - 29 CFR 1918 Appendix V, Basic Elements of a First Aid Training Program (Non-mandatory). |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prepare an emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the plan must include
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| Training Requirements | Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed, when they are initially assigned to work, his or her responsibilities change or the plan changes. Train employee(s) who are expected to assist in the safe and orderly evacuation. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1918.100 Emergency action plans. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Make arrangements before a project begins to ensure that medical personnel are available for advice and consultation on occupational health matters. First aid supplies shall be easily accessible when required. Ensure that kits are checked before being sent out to a job and at least weekly to replace used items. Provide suitable facilities for immediate emergency use for quick drenching and flushing of the eyes and body, if exposure to corrosive materials is possible. Provide proper equipment to transport the injured person to a physician or hospital or a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service. Post the telephone numbers of physicians, hospitals, or ambulances, where 911 service is not available. |
| Training Requirements | In the absence of readily accessible medical services, a person who has a valid certificate in first aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence must be available at the worksite to render first aid. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.23 First aid and medical attention. Standard - 29 CFR 1926.50 Medical services and first aid. Interpretation Letter - December 1, 1976, Ms. Deborah A. Moser, Accessibility of a hospital or physician in terms of distance and travel time. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop a fire protection program to provide equipment for potential fire hazards. Conspicuously locate firefighting equipment. Provide fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment based on site conditions and site fire hazards (fire classes). Periodically inspect and maintain firefighting equipment. Replace defective equipment. Where warranted by the project, provide a trained and equipped firefighting organization (fire brigade). Establish an alarm system to alert employees on the site and the local fire department of an emergency. Post alarm code(s) and reporting instructions at phones and at employee entrances. Ensure that material storage and potential ignition sources do not create a fire hazard. Store materials so that exits are not impeded. |
| Training Requirements | If a fire brigade is necessary, adequately train the fire brigade. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.24 Fire protection and prevention. Standard - 29 CFR 1926.150 Fire protection. Standard - 29 CFR 1926.151 Fire prevention. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Maintain unobstructed egress from every building and structure where employees areworking.Mark all exits with signs and mark access to exits where it is not immediately apparent how to exit. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.34 Means of egress. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Prepare and implement a written emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. Develop a plan that includes
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| Training Requirements | Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed, responsibilities shift, or the emergency procedures change. Provide specific training to employees who are expected to assist in the evacuation. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.35 Employee emergency action plans. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must
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| Training Requirements | Provide employees with information and training on MDA, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200 (h), at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.60 Methylenedianiline. Standard Appendix - 1926.60 Appendix A, Substance data sheet, for 4,4'-Methylenedianiline. |
| Procedural, Program,and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide emergency rescue equipment, such as a respirator, a safety harness and lifeline, or a basket stretcher when an excavation contains or potentially contains a hazardous atmosphere. Ensure that person(s) attend the equipment in case ofemergency. Provide and ensure the use of a safety harness and lifeline when employee(s) performwork in bell-bottom pier holes, or other similar deep and confined footingexcavations. Ensure that person(s) attend the lifeline while worker(s) are in theexcavation. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Where there is a potential environmental or structural failure hazard, develop and maintain a check-in/check-out procedure to provide an accurate count of the number of persons underground in the event of an emergency. For work in underground hazardous locations, provide means to summon emergency assistance to an employee working alone who is not being observed or can't request assistance by voice. Ensure hoist shafts used as means of egress during emergency include power-assisted hoisting capability, unless the regular hoisting means can operate during electrical power failure. Ensure that air monitoring is performed meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.800(j). When continuous sampling indicates that hydrogen sulfide concentrations reach 20 parts per million, a visual and aural alarm shall signal additional measures, such as respirator use, increased ventilation, or employee evacuation. Whenever 20 percent or more of the lower explosive limit for methane or other flammable gases is detected, employees, except those necessary to eliminate the hazard, shall be immediately evacuated to a safe location above ground. Select, provide, and make immediately available NIOSH approved self-rescuers to all employees in underground areas where employees might be trapped by smoke or gas. Designate at least one person to be on duty above ground to summon emergency aid for, and keep count of, underground employees. Provide an acceptable portable hand lamp or cap lamp to each underground employee for emergency use, unless natural light or an emergency lighting system is sufficient for escape. Establish at least two 5-person rescue teams for jobsites where 25 or more employees work underground at one time. Establish at least one rescue team where there are less than 25 employees working underground. Ensure that underground construction operations meet the fire prevention and control requirements provided by 29 CFR 1926.800(m). |
| Training Requirements | Instruct all employees on fire prevention and protection and emergency procedures, including evacuation plans and check-in/check-out systems. Qualify, at least annually, rescue team members in rescue procedures, the use and limitations of respirators, and the use of firefighting equipment. On sites where hazardous levels of flammable or noxious gases are found or anticipated, ensure that rescue team members practice monthly the donning and use of SCBAs. Ensure that rescue teams are familiar with jobsite conditions. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.800 Underground construction. Interpretation Letter - May 3, 2001, Mr. Craig Jorsch, Application of 1926.800 to lone employees working underground in a tunnel or shaft connected to a tunnel. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide spotlights or portable lights for emergency lighting when needed to work safely at night. |
| Training Requirements | Provide training and ensure that employees understand emergency procedures and first aid fundamentals including CPR. (Alternatively, meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.50(c), Note: See Section V.A.1.) |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.950 General requirements (Power Transmission and Distribution). |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. At a minimum, the plan must include
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| Training Requirements | Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least annually thereafter. Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR 1910.134. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.1127 Cadmium. Standard Appendix - 1926.1127 Appendix A, Substance Safety Data Sheet - Cadmium. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Provide and ensure the use and maintenance of appropriate PPE for site operations and hazards. Ensure any employee-owned equipment is adequate and properly maintained. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.28 Personal protective equipment. Standard - 29 CFR 1926.95 Criteria for personal protective equipment. |
| Procedural, Program, and/or Equipment Requirements | Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard. Exposures should be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls, and, as a last resort, PPE. |
| Assistance Tools | Standard - 29 CFR 1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists. Standard Appendix - 1926.55 Appendix A, Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists. |